Zhenhuan

Emperor Qianlong's mother, Empress Dowager Chongqing, born Xiao Zhenxian, is historically renowned as Zhenhuan. Originally a concubine of the Yongzheng Emperor, she rose to prominence due to her intelligence, political acumen, and the birth of her son, Hongli, who later became the Qianlong Emperor. Zhenhuan was elevated to Empress Dowager when Qianlong ascended the throne in 1735.

She wielded significant influence in the Qing court, especially during the early years of Qianlong's reign, offering guidance and serving as a stabilizing figure. Her life and legacy are often romanticized in Chinese culture, notably through literature and dramas, which depict her as a figure of wisdom, resilience, and maternal devotion.